Préparation et nettoyage

Souvent, lorsque vous écrivez des tests, vous devez effectuer un travail de préparation avant l'exécution des tests, et un travail de nettoyage après l'exécution des tests. Jest fournit des fonctions d'aide pour gérer cela.

Préparations répétées

If you have some work you need to do repeatedly for many tests, you can use beforeEach and afterEach hooks.

Par exemple, disons que plusieurs tests interagissent avec une base de données de villes. You have a method initializeCityDatabase() that must be called before each of these tests, and a method clearCityDatabase() that must be called after each of these tests. Vous pouvez le faire avec :

beforeEach(() => {
  initializeCityDatabase();
});

afterEach(() => {
  clearCityDatabase();
});

test('city database has Vienna', () => {
  expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
});

test('city database has San Juan', () => {
  expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
});

beforeEach and afterEach can handle asynchronous code in the same ways that tests can handle asynchronous code - they can either take a done parameter or return a promise. For example, if initializeCityDatabase() returned a promise that resolved when the database was initialized, we would want to return that promise:

beforeEach(() => {
  return initializeCityDatabase();
});

Préparation à usage unique

Dans certains cas, vous n'avez besoin de faire la préparation qu'une seule fois, au début d'un fichier. Cela peut être particulièrement gênant lorsque la préparation est asynchrone, et que vous ne pouvez donc pas le faire en même temps. Jest provides beforeAll and afterAll hooks to handle this situation.

For example, if both initializeCityDatabase() and clearCityDatabase() returned promises, and the city database could be reused between tests, we could change our test code to:

beforeAll(() => {
  return initializeCityDatabase();
});

afterAll(() => {
  return clearCityDatabase();
});

test('city database has Vienna', () => {
  expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
});

test('city database has San Juan', () => {
  expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
});

Champ d'application

The top level before* and after* hooks apply to every test in a file. The hooks declared inside a describe block apply only to the tests within that describe block.

Par exemple, supposons que nous ayons non seulement une base de données sur les villes, mais aussi une base de données sur les aliments. Nous pourrions faire différentes configurations pour différents tests :

// Applies to all tests in this file
beforeEach(() => {
  return initializeCityDatabase();
});

test('city database has Vienna', () => {
  expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
});

test('city database has San Juan', () => {
  expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
});

describe('matching cities to foods', () => {
  // Applies only to tests in this describe block
  beforeEach(() => {
    return initializeFoodDatabase();
  });

  test('Vienna <3 veal', () => {
    expect(isValidCityFoodPair('Vienna', 'Wiener Schnitzel')).toBe(true);
  });

  test('San Juan <3 plantains', () => {
    expect(isValidCityFoodPair('San Juan', 'Mofongo')).toBe(true);
  });
});

Note that the top-level beforeEach is executed before the beforeEach inside the describe block. Il peut être utile d'illustrer l'ordre d'exécution de tous les hooks.

beforeAll(() => console.log('1 - beforeAll'));
afterAll(() => console.log('1 - afterAll'));
beforeEach(() => console.log('1 - beforeEach'));
afterEach(() => console.log('1 - afterEach'));

test('', () => console.log('1 - test'));

describe('Scoped / Nested block', () => {
  beforeAll(() => console.log('2 - beforeAll'));
  afterAll(() => console.log('2 - afterAll'));
  beforeEach(() => console.log('2 - beforeEach'));
  afterEach(() => console.log('2 - afterEach'));

  test('', () => console.log('2 - test'));
});

// 1 - beforeAll
// 1 - beforeEach
// 1 - test
// 1 - afterEach
// 2 - beforeAll
// 1 - beforeEach
// 2 - beforeEach
// 2 - test
// 2 - afterEach
// 1 - afterEach
// 2 - afterAll
// 1 - afterAll

Ordre d'exécution

Jest executes all describe handlers in a test file before it executes any of the actual tests. This is another reason to do setup and teardown inside before* and after* handlers rather than inside the describe blocks. Once the describe blocks are complete, by default Jest runs all the tests serially in the order they were encountered in the collection phase, waiting for each to finish and be tidied up before moving on.

Considérez le fichier de test illustratif suivant et la sortie :

describe('describe outer', () => {
  console.log('describe outer-a');

  describe('describe inner 1', () => {
    console.log('describe inner 1');

    test('test 1', () => console.log('test 1'));
  });

  console.log('describe outer-b');

  test('test 2', () => console.log('test 2'));

  describe('describe inner 2', () => {
    console.log('describe inner 2');

    test('test 3', () => console.log('test 3'));
  });

  console.log('describe outer-c');
});

// describe outer-a
// describe inner 1
// describe outer-b
// describe inner 2
// describe outer-c
// test 1
// test 2
// test 3

Just like the describe and test blocks Jest calls the before* and after* hooks in the order of declaration. Note that the after* hooks of the enclosing scope are called first. Par exemple, voici comment vous pouvez préparer et nettoyer des ressources qui dépendent les unes des autres :

beforeEach(() => console.log('connection setup'));
beforeEach(() => console.log('database setup'));

afterEach(() => console.log('database teardown'));
afterEach(() => console.log('connection teardown'));

test('test 1', () => console.log('test 1'));

describe('extra', () => {
  beforeEach(() => console.log('extra database setup'));
  afterEach(() => console.log('extra database teardown'));

  test('test 2', () => console.log('test 2'));
});

// connection setup
// database setup
// test 1
// database teardown
// connection teardown

// connection setup
// database setup
// extra database setup
// test 2
// extra database teardown
// database teardown
// connection teardown

remarque

If you are using jasmine2 test runner, take into account that it calls the after* hooks in the reverse order of declaration. Pour obtenir un résultat identique, l'exemple ci-dessus doit être modifié comme suit :

  beforeEach(() => console.log('connection setup'));
+ afterEach(() => console.log('connection teardown'));

  beforeEach(() => console.log('database setup'));
+ afterEach(() => console.log('database teardown'));

- afterEach(() => console.log('database teardown'));
- afterEach(() => console.log('connection teardown'));

  // ...

Indications générales

Si un test échoue, l'une des premières choses à vérifier : est-ce que le test échoue si c'est le seul test exécuté ? To run only one test with Jest, temporarily change that test command to a test.only:

test.only('this will be the only test that runs', () => {
  expect(true).toBe(false);
});

test('this test will not run', () => {
  expect('A').toBe('A');
});

Si vous avez un test qui échoue souvent lorsqu'il est exécuté dans une série plus grande, mais qui n'échoue pas lorsque vous l'exécutez seul, il est fort probable que quelque chose d'un autre test interfère avec celui-ci. You can often fix this by clearing some shared state with beforeEach. If you're not sure whether some shared state is being modified, you can also try a beforeEach that logs data.