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Expect

Когда вы пишете тесты, вам, как правило, необходимо проверять, что значения соответствуют определенным условиям. expect предоставляет вам доступ к ряду «проверок» (matchers), которые позволяют сопоставить результаты с ожиданиями.

tip

For additional Jest matchers maintained by the Jest Community check out jest-extended.

info

Примеры TypeScript с этой страницы будут работать только в том случае, если вы явно импортируете Jest API:

Import {expect, jest, test} from '@jest/globals';

Обратитесь к Началу работы за подробностями о том, как установить Jest с TypeScript.

Справка​

Expect​

expect(value)​

Функция expect используется каждый раз, когда вы хотите проверить значение. Однако, вам редко придется вызывать expect саму по себе. Вместо этого вы будете использовать expect вместе с функцией-проверкой для утверждения чего-либо о значении.

Это легче понять на примере. Скажем, у вас есть метод bestLaCroixFlavor(), который должен возвращать строку «грейпфрут». Вот как можно это протестировать:

test('лучший вкус это грейпфрут', () => {
  expect(bestLaCroixFlavor()).toBe('грейпфрут');
});

В данном случае для проверки значения используется функция toBe. Существует множество подобных функций, которые помогут вам тестировать различные вещи. Их список приведён ниже.

Аргументом для функции expect должно быть значение, которое возвращает ваш код, а в функцию проверки необходимо передавать ожидаемое верное значение. Если их перепутать местами, то тесты будут продолжать работать, а вот сообщения об ошибках в тестах будут выглядеть странно.

Modifiers​

.not​

Если вы знаете как можно проверить некое утверждение, то .not позволяет вам проверить обратное ему утверждение. Например, следующий код проверяет, что лучший вкус газировки La Croix не является кокосовым:

test('the best flavor is not coconut', () => {
  expect(bestLaCroixFlavor()).not.toBe('coconut');
});

.resolves​

Используйте resolves для возврата значения из объекта типа Promise. К возвращённому таким образом значению можно применять другие функции-проверки. If the promise is rejected the assertion fails.

Например, следующий код проверяет, что Promise выполняется и результатом будет 'lemon':

test('resolves to lemon', () => {
  // не забудьте добавить оператор return
  return expect(Promise.resolve('lemon')).resolves.toBe('lemon');
});
note

Since you are still testing promises, the test is still asynchronous. Hence, you will need to tell Jest to wait by returning the unwrapped assertion.

Кроме того, вы можете использовать async/await в комбинации с .resolves:

test('resolves to lemon', async () => {
  await expect(Promise.resolve('lemon')).resolves.toBe('lemon');
  await expect(Promise.resolve('lemon')).resolves.not.toBe('octopus');
});

.rejects​

Use .rejects to unwrap the reason of a rejected promise so any other matcher can be chained. If the promise is fulfilled the assertion fails.

For example, this code tests that the promise rejects with reason 'octopus':

test('rejects to octopus', () => {
  // make sure to add a return statement
  return expect(Promise.reject(new Error('octopus'))).rejects.toThrow(
    'octopus',
  );
});
note

Since you are still testing promises, the test is still asynchronous. Hence, you will need to tell Jest to wait by returning the unwrapped assertion.

Alternatively, you can use async/await in combination with .rejects.

test('rejects to octopus', async () => {
  await expect(Promise.reject(new Error('octopus'))).rejects.toThrow('octopus');
});

Matchers​

.toBe(value)​

Используйте .toBe для сравнения примитивных значений или проверки референциальной идентичности экземпляров объекта. Он вызывает Object.is для сравнения значений, что еще лучше для тестирования, чем === строгий оператор равенства.

Следующий код проверяет некоторые свойства объекта can:

const can = {
  name: 'pamplemousse',
  ounces: 12,
};

describe('the can', () => {
  test('has 12 ounces', () => {
    expect(can.ounces).toBe(12);
  });

  test('has a sophisticated name', () => {
    expect(can.name).toBe('pamplemousse');
  });
});

Не следует использовать toBe для чисел с плавающей точкой. В JavaScript 0.2 + 0.1 не будет равно 0.3 из-за особенностей округления. Используйте .toBeCloseTo если вам необходимо сравнивать числа с плавающей точкой.

Although the .toBe matcher checks referential identity, it reports a deep comparison of values if the assertion fails. If differences between properties do not help you to understand why a test fails, especially if the report is large, then you might move the comparison into the expect function. For example, to assert whether or not elements are the same instance:

  • rewrite expect(received).toBe(expected) as expect(Object.is(received, expected)).toBe(true)
  • rewrite expect(received).not.toBe(expected) as expect(Object.is(received, expected)).toBe(false)

.toHaveBeenCalled()​

Use .toHaveBeenCalled to ensure that a mock function was called.

For example, let's say you have a drinkAll(drink, flavour) function that takes a drink function and applies it to all available beverages. You might want to check that drink gets called for 'lemon', but not for 'octopus', because 'octopus' flavour is really weird and why would anything be octopus-flavoured? Это можно сделать при помощи следующего теста:

function drinkAll(callback, flavour) {
  if (flavour !== 'octopus') {
    callback(flavour);
  }
}

describe('drinkAll', () => {
  test('drinks something lemon-flavoured', () => {
    const drink = jest.fn();
    drinkAll(drink, 'lemon');
    expect(drink).toHaveBeenCalled();
  });

  test('does not drink something octopus-flavoured', () => {
    const drink = jest.fn();
    drinkAll(drink, 'octopus');
    expect(drink).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
  });
});

.toHaveBeenCalledTimes(number)​

Используйте .toHaveBeenCalledTimes, чтобы убедиться, что функция-заглушка была вызвана строго определённое число раз.

Например, у вас может быть функция drinkEach(drink, Array<flavor>), которая принимает в качестве параметра функцию drink и вызывает её для каждого элемента массива напитков. Тогда вам может потребоваться проверить, что функция drink была вызвана определённое число раз. Это можно сделать при помощи следующего теста:

test('drinkEach drinks each drink', () => {
  const drink = jest.fn();
  drinkEach(drink, ['lemon', 'octopus']);
  expect(drink).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
});

.toHaveBeenCalledWith(arg1, arg2, ...)​

Используйте .toHaveBeenCalledWith, чтобы убедиться, что функция-заглушка была вызвана с определённым набором аргументов. The arguments are checked with the same algorithm that .toEqual uses.

Предположим, что у вас есть функция register, которая добавляет напиток в систему, а также функция applyToAll(f), должна применить функцию f ко всем напиткам. Чтобы убедиться, что это работает, вы могли бы написать:

test('registration applies correctly to orange La Croix', () => {
  const beverage = new LaCroix('orange');
  register(beverage);
  const f = jest.fn();
  applyToAll(f);
  expect(f).toHaveBeenCalledWith(beverage);
});

.toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(arg1, arg2, ...)​

If you have a mock function, you can use .toHaveBeenNthCalledWith to test what arguments it was nth called with. For example, let's say you have a drinkEach(drink, Array<flavor>) function that applies f to a bunch of flavors, and you want to ensure that when you call it, the first flavor it operates on is 'lemon' and the second one is 'octopus'. Вы можете написать:

test('applying to all flavors does mango last', () => {
  const drink = jest.fn();
  applyToAllFlavors(drink);
  expect(drink).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith('mango');
});

.toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(nthCall, arg1, arg2, ....)​

If you have a mock function, you can use .toHaveReturned to test that the mock function successfully returned (i.e., did not throw an error) at least one time. For example, let's say you have a mock drink that returns true. Вы можете написать:

test('drinkEach drinks each drink', () => {
  const drink = jest.fn();
  drinkEach(drink, ['lemon', 'octopus']);
  expect(drink).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, 'lemon');
  expect(drink).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, 'octopus');
});
note

The nth argument must be positive integer starting from 1.

.toHaveReturned()​

If you have a mock function, you can use .toHaveReturned to test that the mock function successfully returned (i.e., did not throw an error) at least one time. For example, let's say you have a mock drink that returns true. Вы можете написать:

test('drinks returns', () => {
  const drink = jest.fn(() => true);

  drink();

  expect(drink).toHaveReturned();
});

.toHaveReturnedTimes(number)​

Use .toHaveReturnedTimes to ensure that a mock function returned successfully (i.e., did not throw an error) an exact number of times. Any calls to the mock function that throw an error are not counted toward the number of times the function returned.

For example, let's say you have a mock drink that returns true. Вы можете написать:

test('drink returns twice', () => {
  const drink = jest.fn(() => true);

  drink();
  drink();

  expect(drink).toHaveReturnedTimes(2);
});

.toHaveReturnedWith(value)​

Use .toHaveReturnedWith to ensure that a mock function returned a specific value.

For example, let's say you have a mock drink that returns the name of the beverage that was consumed. Вы можете написать:

test('drink returns La Croix', () => {
  const beverage = {name: 'La Croix'};
  const drink = jest.fn(beverage => beverage.name);

  drink(beverage);

  expect(drink).toHaveReturnedWith('La Croix');
});

.toHaveLastReturnedWith(value)​

Use .toHaveLastReturnedWith to test the specific value that a mock function last returned. If the last call to the mock function threw an error, then this matcher will fail no matter what value you provided as the expected return value.

For example, let's say you have a mock drink that returns the name of the beverage that was consumed. Вы можете написать:

test('drink returns La Croix (Orange) last', () => {
  const beverage1 = {name: 'La Croix (Lemon)'};
  const beverage2 = {name: 'La Croix (Orange)'};
  const drink = jest.fn(beverage => beverage.name);

  drink(beverage1);
  drink(beverage2);

  expect(drink).toHaveLastReturnedWith('La Croix (Orange)');
});

.toHaveNthReturnedWith(nthCall, value)​

Use .toHaveNthReturnedWith to test the specific value that a mock function returned for the nth call. If the nth call to the mock function threw an error, then this matcher will fail no matter what value you provided as the expected return value.

For example, let's say you have a mock drink that returns the name of the beverage that was consumed. Вы можете написать:

test('drink returns expected nth calls', () => {
  const beverage1 = {name: 'La Croix (Lemon)'};
  const beverage2 = {name: 'La Croix (Orange)'};
  const drink = jest.fn(beverage => beverage.name);

  drink(beverage1);
  drink(beverage2);

  expect(drink).toHaveNthReturnedWith(1, 'La Croix (Lemon)');
  expect(drink).toHaveNthReturnedWith(2, 'La Croix (Orange)');
});
note

The nth argument must be positive integer starting from 1.

.toHaveLength(number)​

Используйте .toHaveLength для проверки того, что объект имеет свойство .length, и оно имеет определённое значение.

Это особенно полезно для проверки размера массивов или строк.

expect([1, 2, 3]).toHaveLength(3);
expect('abc').toHaveLength(3);
expect('').not.toHaveLength(5);

.toHaveProperty(keyPath, value?)​

Используйте .toHaveProperty для проверки того, что в данном объекте есть свойство keyPath. For checking deeply nested properties in an object you may use dot notation or an array containing the keyPath for deep references.

You can provide an optional value argument to compare the received property value (recursively for all properties of object instances, also known as deep equality, like the toEqual matcher).

В следующем примере содержится объект houseForSale с вложенными свойствами. We are using toHaveProperty to check for the existence and values of various properties in the object.

// Object containing house features to be tested
const houseForSale = {
  bath: true,
  bedrooms: 4,
  kitchen: {
    amenities: ['oven', 'stove', 'washer'],
    area: 20,
    wallColor: 'white',
    'nice.oven': true,
  },
  livingroom: {
    amenities: [
      {
        couch: [
          ['large', {dimensions: [20, 20]}],
          ['small', {dimensions: [10, 10]}],
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
  'ceiling.height': 2,
};

test('this house has my desired features', () => {
  // Example Referencing
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty('bath');
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty('bedrooms', 4);

  expect(houseForSale).not.toHaveProperty('pool');

  // Deep referencing using dot notation
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty('kitchen.area', 20);
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty('kitchen.amenities', [
    'oven',
    'stove',
    'washer',
  ]);

  expect(houseForSale).not.toHaveProperty('kitchen.open');

  // Deep referencing using an array containing the keyPath
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty(['kitchen', 'area'], 20);
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty(
    ['kitchen', 'amenities'],
    ['oven', 'stove', 'washer'],
  );
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty(['kitchen', 'amenities', 0], 'oven');
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty(
    'livingroom.amenities[0].couch[0][1].dimensions[0]',
    20,
  );
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty(['kitchen', 'nice.oven']);
  expect(houseForSale).not.toHaveProperty(['kitchen', 'open']);

  // Referencing keys with dot in the key itself
  expect(houseForSale).toHaveProperty(['ceiling.height'], 'tall');
});

.toBeCloseTo(number, numDigits?)​

Use toBeCloseTo to compare floating point numbers for approximate equality.

The optional numDigits argument limits the number of digits to check after the decimal point. For the default value 2, the test criterion is Math.abs(expected - received) < 0.005 (that is, 10 ** -2 / 2).

Intuitive equality comparisons often fail, because arithmetic on decimal (base 10) values often have rounding errors in limited precision binary (base 2) representation. For example, this test fails:

test('adding works sanely with decimals', () => {
  expect(0.2 + 0.1).toBe(0.3); // Fails!
});

It fails because in JavaScript, 0.2 + 0.1 is actually 0.30000000000000004.

For example, this test passes with a precision of 5 digits:

test('adding works sanely with decimals', () => {
  expect(0.2 + 0.1).toBeCloseTo(0.3, 5);
});

Because floating point errors are the problem that toBeCloseTo solves, it does not support big integer values.

.toBeDefined()​

Используйте .toBeDefined для проверки того, что переменная определена. For example, if you want to check that a function fetchNewFlavorIdea() returns something, you can write:

test('there is a new flavor idea', () => {
  expect(fetchNewFlavorIdea()).toBeDefined();
});

Конечно, можно было бы написать expect(fetchNewFlavorIdea()).not.toBe(undefined), но лучше избегать использования undefined непосредственно в вашем коде.

.toBeFalsy()​

Use .toBeFalsy when you don't care what a value is and you want to ensure a value is false in a boolean context. For example, let's say you have some application code that looks like:

drinkSomeLaCroix();
if (!getErrors()) {
  drinkMoreLaCroix();
}

Вам не так уж важно что возвращает getErrors. Она может вернуть false, null или 0, однако ваш код будет корректно работать. И если вы хотите протестировать, что после употребления газировки La Croix не произошло никаких ошибок, то можно написать:

test('drinking La Croix does not lead to errors', () => {
  drinkSomeLaCroix();
  expect(getErrors()).toBeFalsy();
});

В JavaScript существует всего шесть значений, эквивалетных ложному: false, 0, '', null, undefined и NaN. Всё остальное эквивалентно истине.

.toBeGreaterThan(number | bigint)​

Use toBeGreaterThan to compare received > expected for number or big integer values. For example, test that ouncesPerCan() returns a value of more than 10 ounces:

test('ounces per can is more than 10', () => {
  expect(ouncesPerCan()).toBeGreaterThan(10);
});

.toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(number | bigint)​

Use toBeGreaterThanOrEqual to compare received >= expected for number or big integer values. For example, test that ouncesPerCan() returns a value of at least 12 ounces:

test('ounces per can is at least 12', () => {
  expect(ouncesPerCan()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(12);
});

.toBeLessThan(number | bigint)​

Use toBeLessThan to compare received < expected for number or big integer values. For example, test that ouncesPerCan() returns a value of less than 20 ounces:

test('ounces per can is less than 20', () => {
  expect(ouncesPerCan()).toBeLessThan(20);
});

.toBeLessThanOrEqual(number | bigint)​

Use toBeLessThanOrEqual to compare received <= expected for number or big integer values. For example, test that ouncesPerCan() returns a value of at most 12 ounces:

test('ounces per can is at most 12', () => {
  expect(ouncesPerCan()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(12);
});

.toBeInstanceOf(Class)​

Используйте .toBeInstanceOf(Class), чтобы проверить, что данный объект является экземпляром того или иного класса. Эта функция использует оператор instanceof.

class A {}

expect(new A()).toBeInstanceOf(A);
expect(() => {}).toBeInstanceOf(Function);
expect(new A()).toBeInstanceOf(Function); // throws

.toBeNull()​

.toBeNull() ведёт себя точно так же, как .toBe(null), просто её сообщения об ошибках выглядят получше. Так что, если вам нужно проверить, что что-то является null, то используйте .toBeNull().

function bloop() {
  return null;
}

test('bloop returns null', () => {
  expect(bloop()).toBeNull();
});

.toBeTruthy()​

Use .toBeTruthy when you don't care what a value is and you want to ensure a value is true in a boolean context. For example, let's say you have some application code that looks like:

drinkSomeLaCroix();
if (thirstInfo()) {
  drinkMoreLaCroix();
}

Вам не так уж важно, что возвращает thirstInfo. Она может вернуть true или целый объект, однако ваш код будет корректно работать. So if you want to test that thirstInfo will be truthy after drinking some La Croix, you could write:

test('drinking La Croix leads to having thirst info', () => {
  drinkSomeLaCroix();
  expect(thirstInfo()).toBeTruthy();
});

В JavaScript существует всего шесть значений, эквивалетных ложному: false, 0, '', null, undefined и NaN. Всё остальное эквивалентно истине.

.toBeUndefined()​

Используйте .toThrow для проверки, что функция бросает исключение при вызове. Например, если бы мы хотели проверить, что функция drinkFlavor('octopus') кидает исключение, потому что газировка со вкусом осьминога слишком отвратительна для питья, мы могли бы написать:

test('the best drink for octopus flavor is undefined', () => {
  expect(bestDrinkForFlavor('octopus')).toBeUndefined();
});

Конечно, можно было бы написать expect(bestDrinkForFlavor('octopus')).toBe(undefined), но лучше избегать использования undefined непосредственно в вашем коде.

.toBeNaN()​

Use .toBeNaN when checking a value is NaN.

test('passes when value is NaN', () => {
  expect(NaN).toBeNaN();
  expect(1).not.toBeNaN();
});

.toContain(item)​

Use .toContain when you want to check that an item is in an array. For testing the items in the array, this uses ===, a strict equality check. .toContain can also check whether a string is a substring of another string.

For example, if getAllFlavors() returns an array of flavors and you want to be sure that lime is in there, you can write:

test('the flavor list contains lime', () => {
  expect(getAllFlavors()).toContain('lime');
});

This matcher also accepts others iterables such as strings, sets, node lists and HTML collections.

.toContainEqual(item)​

Use .toContainEqual when you want to check that an item with a specific structure and values is contained in an array. For testing the items in the array, this matcher recursively checks the equality of all fields, rather than checking for object identity.

describe('my beverage', () => {
  test('is delicious and not sour', () => {
    const myBeverage = {delicious: true, sour: false};
    expect(myBeverages()).toContainEqual(myBeverage);
  });
});

.toEqual(value)​

Use .toEqual to compare recursively all properties of object instances (also known as "deep" equality). It calls Object.is to compare primitive values, which is even better for testing than === strict equality operator.

For example, .toEqual and .toBe behave differently in this test suite, so all the tests pass:

const can1 = {
  flavor: 'grapefruit',
  ounces: 12,
};
const can2 = {
  flavor: 'grapefruit',
  ounces: 12,
};

describe('the La Croix cans on my desk', () => {
  test('have all the same properties', () => {
    expect(can1).toEqual(can2);
  });
  test('are not the exact same can', () => {
    expect(can1).not.toBe(can2);
  });
});
tip

toEqual ignores object keys with undefined properties, undefined array items, array sparseness, or object type mismatch. To take these into account use .toStrictEqual instead.

info

.toEqual won't perform a deep equality check for two errors. В этих объектах проверяется на равенство только свойство message. Поэтому для тестирования исключений рекомендуется использовать функцию .toThrow.

If differences between properties do not help you to understand why a test fails, especially if the report is large, then you might move the comparison into the expect function. For example, use equals method of Buffer class to assert whether or not buffers contain the same content:

  • rewrite expect(received).toEqual(expected) as expect(received.equals(expected)).toBe(true)
  • rewrite expect(received).not.toEqual(expected) as expect(received.equals(expected)).toBe(false)

.toMatch(regexp | string)​

Используйте .toMatch, чтобы проверить, что строка соответствует регулярному выражению.

For example, let's say you have a mock drink that returns true. You can write:

describe('an essay on the best flavor', () => {
  test('mentions grapefruit', () => {
    expect(essayOnTheBestFlavor()).toMatch(/grapefruit/);
    expect(essayOnTheBestFlavor()).toMatch(new RegExp('grapefruit'));
  });
});

Кроме того, эта функция может принимать и строку, которую попытается найти в исходной:

describe('grapefruits are healthy', () => {
  test('grapefruits are a fruit', () => {
    expect('grapefruits').toMatch('fruit');
  });
});

.toMatchObject(object)​

Используйте .toMatchObject для проверки того, что некий объект содержит подмножество свойств текущего объекта. It will match received objects with properties that are not in the expected object.

You can also pass an array of objects, in which case the method will return true only if each object in the received array matches (in the toMatchObject sense described above) the corresponding object in the expected array. This is useful if you want to check that two arrays match in their number of elements, as opposed to arrayContaining, which allows for extra elements in the received array.

You can match properties against values or against matchers.

const houseForSale = {
  bath: true,
  bedrooms: 4,
  kitchen: {
    amenities: ['oven', 'stove', 'washer'],
    area: 20,
    wallColor: 'white',
  },
};
const desiredHouse = {
  bath: true,
  kitchen: {
    amenities: ['oven', 'stove', 'washer'],
    wallColor: expect.stringMatching(/white|yellow/),
  },
};

test('the house has my desired features', () => {
  expect(houseForSale).toMatchObject(desiredHouse);
});
describe('toMatchObject applied to arrays', () => {
  test('the number of elements must match exactly', () => {
    expect([{foo: 'bar'}, {baz: 1}]).toMatchObject([{foo: 'bar'}, {baz: 1}]);
  });

  test('.toMatchObject is called for each elements, so extra object properties are okay', () => {
    expect([{foo: 'bar'}, {baz: 1, extra: 'quux'}]).toMatchObject([
      {foo: 'bar'},
      {baz: 1},
    ]);
  });
});

.toMatchSnapshot(propertyMatchers?, hint?)​

Проверяет, что значение соответствует наиболее свежему снимку. За дополнительной информацией обращайтесь к разделу Тестирование при помощи снимков.

You can provide an optional propertyMatchers object argument, which has asymmetric matchers as values of a subset of expected properties, if the received value will be an object instance. It is like toMatchObject with flexible criteria for a subset of properties, followed by a snapshot test as exact criteria for the rest of the properties.

You can provide an optional hint string argument that is appended to the test name. Although Jest always appends a number at the end of a snapshot name, short descriptive hints might be more useful than numbers to differentiate multiple snapshots in a single it or test block. Jest sorts snapshots by name in the corresponding .snap file.

.toMatchInlineSnapshot(propertyMatchers?, inlineSnapshot)​

Ensures that a value matches the most recent snapshot.

You can provide an optional propertyMatchers object argument, which has asymmetric matchers as values of a subset of expected properties, if the received value will be an object instance. It is like toMatchObject with flexible criteria for a subset of properties, followed by a snapshot test as exact criteria for the rest of the properties.

Jest adds the inlineSnapshot string argument to the matcher in the test file (instead of an external .snap file) the first time that the test runs.

Check out the section on Inline Snapshots for more info.

.toStrictEqual(value)​

Use .toStrictEqual to test that objects have the same structure and type.

Differences from .toEqual:

  • keys with undefined properties are checked, e.g. {a: undefined, b: 2} will not equal {b: 2};
  • undefined items are taken into account, e.g. [2] will not equal [2, undefined];
  • array sparseness is checked, e.g. [, 1] will not equal [undefined, 1];
  • object types are checked, e.g. a class instance with fields a and b will not equal a literal object with fields a and b.
class LaCroix {
  constructor(flavor) {
    this.flavor = flavor;
  }
}

describe('the La Croix cans on my desk', () => {
  test('are not semantically the same', () => {
    expect(new LaCroix('lemon')).toEqual({flavor: 'lemon'});
    expect(new LaCroix('lemon')).not.toStrictEqual({flavor: 'lemon'});
  });
});

.toThrow(error?)​

Используйте .toThrow для проверки, что функция бросает исключение при вызове. Например, вы хотите проверить, что функция bestDrinkForFlavor(flavor) возвращает undefined для вкуса 'octopus'. Просто потому, что напитков со вкусом осьминога не существует:

test('throws on octopus', () => {
  expect(() => {
    drinkFlavor('octopus');
  }).toThrow();
});
tip

You must wrap the code in a function, otherwise the error will not be caught and the assertion will fail.

You can provide an optional argument to test that a specific error is thrown:

  • regular expression: error message matches the pattern
  • string: error message includes the substring
  • error object: error message is equal to the message property of the object
  • error class: error object is instance of class

Пусть в drinkFlavor написано следующее:

function drinkFlavor(flavor) {
  if (flavor == 'octopus') {
    throw new DisgustingFlavorError('yuck, octopus flavor');
  }
  // что угодно
}

Мы можем проверить это исключение несколькими способами:

test('throws on octopus', () => {
  function drinkOctopus() {
    drinkFlavor('octopus');
  }

  // Test that the error message says "yuck" somewhere: these are equivalent
  expect(drinkOctopus).toThrow(/yuck/);
  expect(drinkOctopus).toThrow('yuck');

  // Test the exact error message
  expect(drinkOctopus).toThrow(/^yuck, octopus flavor$/);
  expect(drinkOctopus).toThrow(new Error('yuck, octopus flavor'));

  // Test that we get a DisgustingFlavorError
  expect(drinkOctopus).toThrow(DisgustingFlavorError);
});

.toThrowErrorMatchingSnapshot(hint?)​

Use .toThrowErrorMatchingSnapshot to test that a function throws an error matching the most recent snapshot when it is called.

You can provide an optional hint string argument that is appended to the test name. Although Jest always appends a number at the end of a snapshot name, short descriptive hints might be more useful than numbers to differentiate multiple snapshots in a single it or test block. Jest sorts snapshots by name in the corresponding .snap file.

Например, у вас есть функция drinkFlavor, которая генерирует исключение всякий раз, когда ей передают параметр 'octopus':

function drinkFlavor(flavor) {
  if (flavor == 'octopus') {
    throw new DisgustingFlavorError('yuck, octopus flavor');
  }
  // что угодно
}

Тест для этой функции будет выглядеть следующим образом:

test('throws on octopus', () => {
  function drinkOctopus() {
    drinkFlavor('octopus');
  }

  expect(drinkOctopus).toThrowErrorMatchingSnapshot();
});

Этот тест создаст следующий снимок:

exports[`drinking flavors throws on octopus 1`] = `"yuck, octopus flavor"`;

Check out React Tree Snapshot Testing for more information on snapshot testing.

.toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(inlineSnapshot)​

Use .toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot to test that a function throws an error matching the most recent snapshot when it is called.

Jest adds the inlineSnapshot string argument to the matcher in the test file (instead of an external .snap file) the first time that the test runs.

Check out the section on Inline Snapshots for more info.

Asymmetric Matchers​

expect.anything()​

expect.anything() совпадает с любыми значениями, кроме null или undefined. You can use it inside toEqual or toHaveBeenCalledWith instead of a literal value. Например, если вы хотите проверить, что функция-заглушка была вызвана с аргументом, не равным null:

test('map calls its argument with a non-null argument', () => {
  const mock = jest.fn();
  [1].map(x => mock(x));
  expect(mock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything());
});

expect.any(constructor)​

expect.any(constructor) matches anything that was created with the given constructor or if it's a primitive that is of the passed type. You can use it inside toEqual or toHaveBeenCalledWith instead of a literal value. Например, если вы хотите проверить, что функция-заглушка была вызвана с аргументом типа число:

class Cat {}
function getCat(fn) {
  return fn(new Cat());
}

test('randocall calls its callback with a class instance', () => {
  const mock = jest.fn();
  getCat(mock);
  expect(mock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(Cat));
});

function randocall(fn) {
  return fn(Math.floor(Math.random() * 6 + 1));
}

test('randocall calls its callback with a number', () => {
  const mock = jest.fn();
  randocall(mock);
  expect(mock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(Number));
});

expect.arrayContaining(array)​

expect.arrayContaining(array) проверяет, что данный массив содержит все элементы тестового. Иными словами, что тестовый массив является подмножеством данного. Отсюда в том числе следует, что этот массив может содержать элементы, которых нет в тестовом.

Можно использовать данный метод вместо литерала:

  • in toEqual or toHaveBeenCalledWith
  • to match a property in objectContaining or toMatchObject
describe('arrayContaining', () => {
  const expected = ['Alice', 'Bob'];
  it('matches even if received contains additional elements', () => {
    expect(['Alice', 'Bob', 'Eve']).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(expected));
  });
  it('does not match if received does not contain expected elements', () => {
    expect(['Bob', 'Eve']).not.toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(expected));
  });
});
describe('Beware of a misunderstanding! A sequence of dice rolls', () => {
  const expected = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
  it('matches even with an unexpected number 7', () => {
    expect([4, 1, 6, 7, 3, 5, 2, 5, 4, 6]).toEqual(
      expect.arrayContaining(expected),
    );
  });
  it('does not match without an expected number 2', () => {
    expect([4, 1, 6, 7, 3, 5, 7, 5, 4, 6]).not.toEqual(
      expect.arrayContaining(expected),
    );
  });
});

expect.not.arrayContaining(array)​

expect.not.arrayContaining(array) matches a received array which does not contain all of the elements in the expected array. That is, the expected array is not a subset of the received array.

It is the inverse of expect.arrayContaining.

describe('not.arrayContaining', () => {
  const expected = ['Samantha'];

  it('matches if the actual array does not contain the expected elements', () => {
    expect(['Alice', 'Bob', 'Eve']).toEqual(
      expect.not.arrayContaining(expected),
    );
  });
});

expect.closeTo(number, numDigits?)​

expect.closeTo(number, numDigits?) is useful when comparing floating point numbers in object properties or array item. If you need to compare a number, please use .toBeCloseTo instead.

The optional numDigits argument limits the number of digits to check after the decimal point. For the default value 2, the test criterion is Math.abs(expected - received) < 0.005 (that is, 10 ** -2 / 2).

For example, this test passes with a precision of 5 digits:

test('compare float in object properties', () => {
  expect({
    title: '0.1 + 0.2',
    sum: 0.1 + 0.2,
  }).toEqual({
    title: '0.1 + 0.2',
    sum: expect.closeTo(0.3, 5),
  });
});

expect.objectContaining(object)​

expect.objectContaining(object) проверяет (рекурсивно), что данный объект имеет те или иные свойства. Иными словами, что тестовый объект является подмножеством данного. Therefore, it matches a received object which contains properties that are present in the expected object.

Instead of literal property values in the expected object, you can use matchers, expect.anything(), and so on.

Предположим, мы ожидаем, что функция onPress будет вызвана с объектом Event и всё, что мы хотим проверить — это то, что этот объект имеет свойства event.x и event.y. Это можно сделать так:

test('onPress gets called with the right thing', () => {
  const onPress = jest.fn();
  simulatePresses(onPress);
  expect(onPress).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
    expect.objectContaining({
      x: expect.any(Number),
      y: expect.any(Number),
    }),
  );
});

expect.not.objectContaining(object)​

expect.not.objectContaining(object) matches any received object that does not recursively match the expected properties. That is, the expected object is not a subset of the received object. Отсюда в том числе следует, что этот объект может содержать свойста, которых нет в тестовом.

It is the inverse of expect.objectContaining.

describe('not.objectContaining', () => {
  const expected = {foo: 'bar'};

  it('matches if the actual object does not contain expected key: value pairs', () => {
    expect({bar: 'baz'}).toEqual(expect.not.objectContaining(expected));
  });
});

expect.stringContaining(string)​

expect.stringContaining(string) matches the received value if it is a string that contains the exact expected string.

expect.not.stringContaining(string)​

expect.not.stringContaining(string) matches the received value if it is not a string or if it is a string that does not contain the exact expected string.

It is the inverse of expect.stringContaining.

describe('not.stringContaining', () => {
  const expected = 'Hello world!';

  it('matches if the received value does not contain the expected substring', () => {
    expect('How are you?').toEqual(expect.not.stringContaining(expected));
  });
});

expect.stringMatching(string | regexp)​

expect.stringMatching(string | regexp) matches the received value if it is a string that matches the expected string or regular expression.

Можно использовать данный метод вместо литерала:

  • in toEqual or toHaveBeenCalledWith
  • to match an element in arrayContaining
  • to match a property in objectContaining or toMatchObject

Следующий пример также демонстрирует, что вы можете вложить друг в друга несколько асимметричных проверок. В данном случае expect.stringMatching находится внутри expect.arrayContaining.

describe('stringMatching in arrayContaining', () => {
  const expected = [
    expect.stringMatching(/^Alic/),
    expect.stringMatching(/^[BR]ob/),
  ];
  it('matches even if received contains additional elements', () => {
    expect(['Alicia', 'Roberto', 'Evelina']).toEqual(
      expect.arrayContaining(expected),
    );
  });
  it('does not match if received does not contain expected elements', () => {
    expect(['Roberto', 'Evelina']).not.toEqual(
      expect.arrayContaining(expected),
    );
  });
});

expect.not.stringMatching(string | regexp)​

expect.not.stringMatching(string | regexp) matches the received value if it is not a string or if it is a string that does not match the expected string or regular expression.

It is the inverse of expect.stringMatching.

describe('not.stringMatching', () => {
  const expected = /Hello world!/;

  it('matches if the received value does not match the expected regex', () => {
    expect('How are you?').toEqual(expect.not.stringMatching(expected));
  });
});

Assertion Count​

expect.assertions(number)​

expect.assertions(number) проверяет, что во время выполнения теста было вызвано определённое число проверок. Это обычно полезно для тестирования асинхронного кода, чтобы удостовериться, что проверки действительно были вызваны в функциях обратного вызова.

Например, вы можете не знать точное возвращаемое значение функции essayOnTheBestFlavor(), однако вы уверены, что это — очень длинная строка в которой содержится слово grapefruit. Это можно протестировать так:

test('doAsync calls both callbacks', () => {
  expect.assertions(2);
  function callback1(data) {
    expect(data).toBeTruthy();
  }
  function callback2(data) {
    expect(data).toBeTruthy();
  }

  doAsync(callback1, callback2);
});

Код expect.assertions(2) проверяет, что обе функции были вызваны.

expect.hasAssertions()​

expect.hasAssertions() проверяет, что во время выполнения теста была вызвана хотя бы одна проверка. Это обычно полезно для тестирования асинхронного кода, чтобы удостовериться, что проверки действительно были вызваны в функциях обратного вызова.

Предположим, что у нас есть несколько функций, которые работают с неким состоянием. prepareState запускает функцию обратного вызова с объектом состояния, validateState выполняет над этим объектом некую операцию, а waitOnState возвращает Promise, который ожидает, пока все фунцкии обратного вызова внутри prepareState не будут выполнены. Это можно протестировать так:

test('prepareState prepares a valid state', () => {
  expect.hasAssertions();
  prepareState(state => {
    expect(validateState(state)).toBeTruthy();
  });
  return waitOnState();
});

Код expect.hasAssertions() проверяет, что функция обратного вызова в prepareState была вызвана.

Extend Utilities​

expect.addEqualityTesters(testers)​

You can use expect.addEqualityTesters to add your own methods to test if two objects are equal. For example, let's say you have a class in your code that represents volume and can determine if two volumes using different units are equal. You may want toEqual (and other equality matchers) to use this custom equality method when comparing to Volume classes. You can add a custom equality tester to have toEqual detect and apply custom logic when comparing Volume classes:

Volume.js
// For simplicity in this example, we'll just support the units 'L' and 'mL'
export class Volume {
  constructor(amount, unit) {
    this.amount = amount;
    this.unit = unit;
  }

  toString() {
    return `[Volume ${this.amount}${this.unit}]`;
  }

  equals(other) {
    if (this.unit === other.unit) {
      return this.amount === other.amount;
    } else if (this.unit === 'L' && other.unit === 'mL') {
      return this.amount * 1000 === other.unit;
    } else {
      return this.amount === other.unit * 1000;
    }
  }
}
areVolumesEqual.js
import {expect} from '@jest/globals';
import {Volume} from './Volume.js';

function areVolumesEqual(a, b) {
  const isAVolume = a instanceof Volume;
  const isBVolume = b instanceof Volume;

  if (isAVolume && isBVolume) {
    return a.equals(b);
  } else if (isAVolume === isBVolume) {
    return undefined;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

expect.addEqualityTesters([areVolumesEqual]);
__tests__/Volume.test.js
import {expect, test} from '@jest/globals';
import {Volume} from '../Volume.js';
import '../areVolumesEqual.js';

test('are equal with different units', () => {
  expect(new Volume(1, 'L')).toEqual(new Volume(1000, 'mL'));
});

Custom equality testers API​

Custom testers are functions that return either the result (true or false) of comparing the equality of the two given arguments or undefined if the tester does not handle the given objects and wants to delegate equality to other testers (for example, the builtin equality testers).

Custom testers are called with 3 arguments: the two objects to compare and the array of custom testers (used for recursive testers, see the section below).

These helper functions and properties can be found on this inside a custom tester:

this.equals(a, b, customTesters?)​

Функция для проверки двух объектов на равенство (в т. ч. вложенных свойств). Возвращает значение типа boolean. It optionally takes a list of custom equality testers to apply to the deep equality checks. If you use this function, pass through the custom testers your tester is given so further equality checks equals applies can also use custom testers the test author may have configured. See the example in the Recursive custom equality testers section for more details.

Matchers vs Testers​

Matchers are methods available on expect, for example expect().toEqual(). toEqual is a matcher. A tester is a method used by matchers that do equality checks to determine if objects are the same.

Custom matchers are good to use when you want to provide a custom assertion that test authors can use in their tests. For example, the toBeWithinRange example in the expect.extend section is a good example of a custom matcher. Sometimes a test author may want to assert two numbers are exactly equal and should use toBe. Other times, however, a test author may want to allow for some flexibility in their test, and toBeWithinRange may be a more appropriate assertion.

Custom equality testers are good for globally extending Jest matchers to apply custom equality logic for all equality comparisons. Test authors can't turn on custom testers for certain assertions and turn them off for others (a custom matcher should be used instead if that behavior is desired). For example, defining how to check if two Volume objects are equal for all matchers would be a good custom equality tester.

Recursive custom equality testers​

If your custom equality testers are testing objects with properties you'd like to do deep equality with, you should use the this.equals helper available to equality testers. This equals method is the same deep equals method Jest uses internally for all of its deep equality comparisons. It's the method that invokes your custom equality tester. It accepts an array of custom equality testers as a third argument. Custom equality testers are also given an array of custom testers as their third argument. Pass this argument into the third argument of equals so that any further equality checks deeper into your object can also take advantage of custom equality testers.

For example, let's say you have a Book class that contains an array of Author classes and both of these classes have custom testers. The Book custom tester would want to do a deep equality check on the array of Authors and pass in the custom testers given to it, so the Authors custom equality tester is applied:

customEqualityTesters.js
function areAuthorEqual(a, b) {
  const isAAuthor = a instanceof Author;
  const isBAuthor = b instanceof Author;

  if (isAAuthor && isBAuthor) {
    // Authors are equal if they have the same name
    return a.name === b.name;
  } else if (isAAuthor === isBAuthor) {
    return undefined;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

function areBooksEqual(a, b, customTesters) {
  const isABook = a instanceof Book;
  const isBBook = b instanceof Book;

  if (isABook && isBBook) {
    // Books are the same if they have the same name and author array. We need
    // to pass customTesters to equals here so the Author custom tester will be
    // used when comparing Authors
    return (
      a.name === b.name && this.equals(a.authors, b.authors, customTesters)
    );
  } else if (isABook === isBBook) {
    return undefined;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

expect.addEqualityTesters([areAuthorsEqual, areBooksEqual]);
note

Remember to define your equality testers as regular functions and not arrow functions in order to access the tester context helpers (e.g. this.equals).

expect.addSnapshotSerializer(serializer)​

Вы можете использовать expect.addSnapshotSerializer для добавления модуля, который поддерживает форматирование структур данных, специфичных для вашего приложения.

Для каждого файла, содержащего тесты, добавленный таким образом модуль будет предшествовать всем модулям, объявленным в параметре конфигурации snapshotSerializers. Те, в свою очередь, предшествуют сериализаторам снимков для встроенных типов JavaScript и элементов React, включённым в Jest по-умолчанию. Последний добавленный модуль будет протестирован первым.

import serializer from 'my-serializer-module';
expect.addSnapshotSerializer(serializer);

// влияет на поведение проверки expect(value).toMatchSnapshot() в файле с тестами

If you add a snapshot serializer in individual test files instead of adding it to snapshotSerializers configuration:

  • You make the dependency explicit instead of implicit.
  • You avoid limits to configuration that might cause you to eject from create-react-app.

Смотрите настройки Jest для получения дополнительной информации.

expect.extend(matchers)​

expect.extend используется для добавления новых проверок в Jest. For example, let's say that you're testing a number utility library and you're frequently asserting that numbers appear within particular ranges of other numbers. You could abstract that into a toBeWithinRange matcher:

toBeWithinRange.js
import {expect} from '@jest/globals';

function toBeWithinRange(actual, floor, ceiling) {
  if (
    typeof actual !== 'number' ||
    typeof floor !== 'number' ||
    typeof ceiling !== 'number'
  ) {
    throw new TypeError('These must be of type number!');
  }

  const pass = actual >= floor && actual <= ceiling;
  if (pass) {
    return {
      message: () =>
        `expected ${this.utils.printReceived(
          actual,
        )} not to be within range ${this.utils.printExpected(
          `${floor} - ${ceiling}`,
        )}`,
      pass: true,
    };
  } else {
    return {
      message: () =>
        `expected ${this.utils.printReceived(
          actual,
        )} to be within range ${this.utils.printExpected(
          `${floor} - ${ceiling}`,
        )}`,
      pass: false,
    };
  }
}

expect.extend({
  toBeWithinRange,
});
__tests__/ranges.test.js
import {expect, test} from '@jest/globals';
import '../toBeWithinRange';

test('is within range', () => expect(100).toBeWithinRange(90, 110));

test('is NOT within range', () => expect(101).not.toBeWithinRange(0, 100));

test('asymmetric ranges', () => {
  expect({apples: 6, bananas: 3}).toEqual({
    apples: expect.toBeWithinRange(1, 10),
    bananas: expect.not.toBeWithinRange(11, 20),
  });
});
toBeWithinRange.d.ts
// optionally add a type declaration, e.g. it enables autocompletion in IDEs
declare module 'expect' {
  interface AsymmetricMatchers {
    toBeWithinRange(floor: number, ceiling: number): void;
  }
  interface Matchers<R> {
    toBeWithinRange(floor: number, ceiling: number): R;
  }
}

export {};
tip

The type declaration of the matcher can live in a .d.ts file or in an imported .ts module (see JS and TS examples above respectively). If you keep the declaration in a .d.ts file, make sure that it is included in the program and that it is a valid module, i.e. it has at least an empty export {}.

tip

Instead of importing toBeWithinRange module to the test file, you can enable the matcher for all tests by moving the expect.extend call to a setupFilesAfterEnv script:

import {expect} from '@jest/globals';
// remember to export `toBeWithinRange` as well
import {toBeWithinRange} from './toBeWithinRange';

expect.extend({
  toBeWithinRange,
});

Async Matchers​

expect.extend also supports async matchers. Async matchers return a Promise so you will need to await the returned value. Let's use an example matcher to illustrate the usage of them. We are going to implement a matcher called toBeDivisibleByExternalValue, where the divisible number is going to be pulled from an external source.

expect.extend({
  async toBeDivisibleByExternalValue(received) {
    const externalValue = await getExternalValueFromRemoteSource();
    const pass = received % externalValue == 0;
    if (pass) {
      return {
        message: () =>
          `expected ${received} not to be divisible by ${externalValue}`,
        pass: true,
      };
    } else {
      return {
        message: () =>
          `expected ${received} to be divisible by ${externalValue}`,
        pass: false,
      };
    }
  },
});

test('is divisible by external value', async () => {
  await expect(100).toBeDivisibleByExternalValue();
  await expect(101).not.toBeDivisibleByExternalValue();
});

Custom Matchers API​

Matchers should return an object (or a Promise of an object) with two keys. Ключ pass указывает было ли совпадение успешным или нет, а message представляет собой функцию без аргументов, которая возвращает сообщение об ошибке в случае проваленого теста. То есть, если pass имеет значение false, функция message должна возвращать сообщение об ошибке в случае если expect(x).yourMatcher() не выполняется. Когда же pass имеет значение true, функция message должна возвращать сообщение об ошибке в случае, если не выполняется expect(x).not.yourMatcher().

Matchers are called with the argument passed to expect(x) followed by the arguments passed to .yourMatcher(y, z):

expect.extend({
  yourMatcher(x, y, z) {
    return {
      pass: true,
      message: () => '',
    };
  },
});

These helper functions and properties can be found on this inside a custom matcher:

this.isNot​

A boolean to let you know this matcher was called with the negated .not modifier allowing you to display a clear and correct matcher hint (see example code).

this.promise​

A string allowing you to display a clear and correct matcher hint:

  • 'rejects' if matcher was called with the promise .rejects modifier
  • 'resolves' if matcher was called with the promise .resolves modifier
  • '' if matcher was not called with a promise modifier

this.equals(a, b, customTesters?)​

Функция для проверки двух объектов на равенство (в т. ч. вложенных свойств). Возвращает значение типа boolean. It optionally takes a list of custom equality testers to apply to the deep equality checks (see this.customTesters below).

this.expand​

A boolean to let you know this matcher was called with an expand option. When Jest is called with the --expand flag, this.expand can be used to determine if Jest is expected to show full diffs and errors.

this.utils​

There are a number of helpful tools exposed on this.utils primarily consisting of the exports from jest-matcher-utils.

Наиболее полезными из них являются matcherHint, printExpected и printReceived для форматирования сообщений об ошибках. Например, взгляните как это реализовано для функции toBe:

const {diff} = require('jest-diff');
expect.extend({
  toBe(received, expected) {
    const options = {
      comment: 'Object.is equality',
      isNot: this.isNot,
      promise: this.promise,
    };

    const pass = Object.is(received, expected);

    const message = pass
      ? () =>
          // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-template
          this.utils.matcherHint('toBe', undefined, undefined, options) +
          '\n\n' +
          `Expected: not ${this.utils.printExpected(expected)}\n` +
          `Received: ${this.utils.printReceived(received)}`
      : () => {
          const diffString = diff(expected, received, {
            expand: this.expand,
          });
          return (
            // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-template
            this.utils.matcherHint('toBe', undefined, undefined, options) +
            '\n\n' +
            (diffString && diffString.includes('- Expect')
              ? `Difference:\n\n${diffString}`
              : `Expected: ${this.utils.printExpected(expected)}\n` +
                `Received: ${this.utils.printReceived(received)}`)
          );
        };

    return {actual: received, message, pass};
  },
});

Отобразится что-то вроде этого:

  expect(received).toBe(expected)

    Expected value to be (using Object.is):
      "banana"
    Received:
      "apple"

Когда утверждение становится ложным, сообщение об ошибке должно дать пользователю как можно больше информации, необходимой, чтобы быстро решить проблему. Поэтому, разрабатывая новые проверки, вам необходимо реализовывать в них точные и ясные сообщения об ошибках.

this.customTesters​

If your matcher does a deep equality check using this.equals, you may want to pass user-provided custom testers to this.equals. The custom equality testers the user has provided using the addEqualityTesters API are available on this property. The built-in Jest matchers pass this.customTesters (along with other built-in testers) to this.equals to do deep equality, and your custom matchers may want to do the same.

Custom snapshot matchers​

To use snapshot testing inside of your custom matcher you can import jest-snapshot and use it from within your matcher.

Here's a snapshot matcher that trims a string to store for a given length, .toMatchTrimmedSnapshot(length):

const {toMatchSnapshot} = require('jest-snapshot');

expect.extend({
  toMatchTrimmedSnapshot(received, length) {
    return toMatchSnapshot.call(
      this,
      received.slice(0, length),
      'toMatchTrimmedSnapshot',
    );
  },
});

it('stores only 10 characters', () => {
  expect('extra long string oh my gerd').toMatchTrimmedSnapshot(10);
});

/*
Stored snapshot will look like:

exports[`stores only 10 characters: toMatchTrimmedSnapshot 1`] = `"extra long"`;
*/

It's also possible to create custom matchers for inline snapshots, the snapshots will be correctly added to the custom matchers. However, inline snapshot will always try to append to the first argument or the second when the first argument is the property matcher, so it's not possible to accept custom arguments in the custom matchers.

const {toMatchInlineSnapshot} = require('jest-snapshot');

expect.extend({
  toMatchTrimmedInlineSnapshot(received, ...rest) {
    return toMatchInlineSnapshot.call(this, received.slice(0, 10), ...rest);
  },
});

it('stores only 10 characters', () => {
  expect('extra long string oh my gerd').toMatchTrimmedInlineSnapshot();
  /*
  The snapshot will be added inline like
  expect('extra long string oh my gerd').toMatchTrimmedInlineSnapshot(
    `"extra long"`
  );
  */
});

async​

If your custom inline snapshot matcher is async i.e. uses async-await you might encounter an error like "Multiple inline snapshots for the same call are not supported". Jest needs additional context information to find where the custom inline snapshot matcher was used to update the snapshots properly.

const {toMatchInlineSnapshot} = require('jest-snapshot');

expect.extend({
  async toMatchObservationInlineSnapshot(fn, ...rest) {
    // The error (and its stacktrace) must be created before any `await`
    this.error = new Error();

    // The implementation of `observe` doesn't matter.
    // It only matters that the custom snapshot matcher is async.
    const observation = await observe(async () => {
      await fn();
    });

    return toMatchInlineSnapshot.call(this, recording, ...rest);
  },
});

it('observes something', async () => {
  await expect(async () => {
    return 'async action';
  }).toMatchTrimmedInlineSnapshot();
  /*
  The snapshot will be added inline like
  await expect(async () => {
    return 'async action';
  }).toMatchTrimmedInlineSnapshot(`"async action"`);
  */
});

Bail out​

Usually jest tries to match every snapshot that is expected in a test.

Sometimes it might not make sense to continue the test if a prior snapshot failed. For example, when you make snapshots of a state-machine after various transitions you can abort the test once one transition produced the wrong state.

In that case you can implement a custom snapshot matcher that throws on the first mismatch instead of collecting every mismatch.

const {toMatchInlineSnapshot} = require('jest-snapshot');

expect.extend({
  toMatchStateInlineSnapshot(...args) {
    this.dontThrow = () => {};

    return toMatchInlineSnapshot.call(this, ...args);
  },
});

let state = 'initial';

function transition() {
  // Typo in the implementation should cause the test to fail
  if (state === 'INITIAL') {
    state = 'pending';
  } else if (state === 'pending') {
    state = 'done';
  }
}

it('transitions as expected', () => {
  expect(state).toMatchStateInlineSnapshot(`"initial"`);

  transition();
  // Already produces a mismatch. No point in continuing the test.
  expect(state).toMatchStateInlineSnapshot(`"loading"`);

  transition();
  expect(state).toMatchStateInlineSnapshot(`"done"`);
});

Serializable properties​

SERIALIZABLE_PROPERTIES​

Serializable properties is a set of properties that are considered serializable by Jest. This set is used to determine if a property should be serializable or not. If an object has a property that is not in this set, it is considered not serializable and will not be printed in error messages.

You can add your own properties to this set to make sure that your objects are printed correctly. For example, if you have a Volume class, and you want to make sure that only the amount and unit properties are printed, you can add it to SERIALIZABLE_PROPERTIES:

import {SERIALIZABLE_PROPERTIES} from 'jest-matcher-utils';

class Volume {
  constructor(amount, unit) {
    this.amount = amount;
    this.unit = unit;
  }

  get label() {
    throw new Error('Not implemented');
  }
}

Volume.prototype[SERIALIZABLE_PROPERTIES] = ['amount', 'unit'];

expect(new Volume(1, 'L')).toEqual(new Volume(10, 'L'));

This will print only the amount and unit properties in the error message, ignoring the label property.

expect(received).toEqual(expected) // deep equality

Expected: {"amount": 10, "unit": "L"}
Received: {"amount": 1, "unit": "L"}